The Nazi regime announced that it had enacted two new laws on September 15, 1935:
These laws are known as the Nuremberg Laws or the Nuremberg Race Laws. This is because the laws were first announced at a Nazi Party rally in Nuremberg, Germany.
Nazi Partisi'nin Nürnberg mitingindeki büyük kalabalıklar Nazi Partisi'nin Nürnberg mitingindeki büyük kalabalıklar. Nürnberg, Almanya, 1935.
The Nazis enacted the Nuremberg Laws because they wanted to legalize their ideas on race. The Nazis believed in the false theory that the world was divided into different races that did not have the same power and value. They thought that Germans belonged to the supposedly superior "Aryan" race.
They believed that the so-called Aryan German race was the strongest and most valuable race.
According to the Nazis, Jews did not belong to the Aryan race. They thought that Jews belonged to a separate race that was inferior to all other races. The Nazis believed that the presence of Jews in Germany was a threat to the German people. They thought that Jews should be kept separate from other Germans in order to protect and strengthen Germany. The Nuremberg Laws were an important step towards achieving this goal.
When the Nazi Party came to power, it promised that only racially pure Germans would be granted German citizenship. This promise became reality with the Reich Citizenship Law. In this law, a citizen is defined as a person who is “German or related to German blood.” In other words, it was not possible for Jews who were defined as belonging to a different race to become full German citizens.
Jews had no political rights.
The Act for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor was a law passed against what the Nazis saw as race mixing or “race defilement” (“Rassenschande”). According to this law, marriage and sexual intercourse between Jews and people who were “German or related to German blood” were prohibited. The Nazis thought these relationships were dangerous because they resulted in the birth of "mixed race" children. According to the Nazis, these children and their descendants were harming the purity of the German race.
According to the Nuremberg Laws, people who had three or four Jewish grandparents were considered Jews. Grandparents were considered Jewish if they belonged to the Jewish religious community. However, the Nazis defined Jews according to their religion (Judaism), not according to the racial characteristics that Nazism attributed to Jews.
By law, some people in Germany are also grouped as “Mischlinge” (“persons of mixed race”). Under the law, Mischlinge persons were neither German nor Jewish. These were people whose one or both grandparents were Jewish.
The Nazi regime required people to prove the racial identity of their grandparents. Religious records were used for this. These documents included baptismal certificates, Jewish community records, and gravestones.
Yes. Although the Nuremberg Laws were initially intended only for Jews, the Nazi government announced that the law also applied to Roma (the group also known as Gypsies), blacks and their descendants. It was not possible for members of these groups to become full German citizens. They were also prohibited from marrying or having sexual relations with “Germans or persons of German blood.”
The Nuremberg Laws changed the daily lives of Jews in Germany by legally separating Jews from their non-Jewish neighbors. In the following years, the Nazi regime enacted an increasing number of anti-Semitic laws and decrees. These laws, which came into force later, were based on the definition of "Jew" in the Nuremberg Laws. Examples of other laws and decrees include:
The Nuremberg Laws were an important step in the Nazi regime's process of isolating and excluding Jews from the rest of the German society.
Important Dates
17 August 1938
The Executive Order on the Law on the Alteration of Family and Personal Names
On August 17, 1938, new name requirements were introduced for Jews in Germany with The Executive Order on the Law on the Alteration of Family and Personal Names. According to this law, Jews could only be given certain Jewish names. Jewish new parents had to choose a name from a list approved by the government. Additionally, Jews who had a name other than those on this list had to get another name: “Israel” (for men) and “Sara” (for women). Everyone was required to report their names to government offices. They also had to use both their birth names and the names added later in business transactions.
5 September1938
Decree Concerning Passports of Jews
German passports held by German Jews were canceled by the Nazi regime. German Jews who wanted their passports to become valid again had to surrender their passports to a passport office and have them stamped with the letter "J". The decree stated that this rule was valid for German Jews as defined in the Nuremberg Laws.
1 September 1941
Police Regulations on the Marking of Jews
Since September 1941, all Jews in Nazi Germany were required to wear a special yellow badge in public places. The badge had to be palm-sized, shaped like a yellow, six-pointed Star of David surrounded by black stripes. The word “Jude” (German for “Jew”) had to be written right in the middle of the star. A Jew had to wear this badge in a visible manner when he went to public places. Jews had to sew this yellow star on the left breast of their clothing. This instruction applied to all German Jews (as defined in the Nuremberg Laws) aged six and over. Germans who were included in the Mischlinge group did not have to wear the star.
Son Redaksiyon: Dec 16, 2021
Kaynak: https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/tr/article/the-nuremberg-race-laws
